
During the preparation of lithium iron phosphate (LFP), organic materials are generally used for carbon coating. As a reducing agent, carbon can effectively prevent the oxidation of Fe2+ at lower temperatures, which helps improve the conductivity of the particles. Nickel, cobalt, and manganese sulfates and carbonates are raw materials and intermediate products for synthesizing lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM), which are ultimately introduced into the NCM material. A high sulfur content can affect the formation of spherical particles during LFP preparation, causing the small LFP particles to agglomerate, increasing the material's internal resistance, and leading to a significant decrease in discharge capacity and cycle performance. The levels of carbon and sulfur will affect the quality and performance of NCM materials.
Oxygen: Purity not less than 99.5%
Desiccant: Anhydrous magnesium perchlorate
Purifier: Soda asbestos
Pure Iron: SES-C type, with carbon and sulfur content <0.0005%
Tungsten Granules: WL-1 type, with carbon and sulfur content <0.0005%
Porcelain Crucible: The size of the porcelain crucible should be precise to be used for combustion inside the high-frequency furnace.
Instrument: Syens High-Frequency Infrared Carbon-Sulfur Analyzer HCS-808
High-pressure dust removal, high-precision flow control
Full-range calibration technology, single and multi-point correction
Modular and integrated design for the entire machine, stable and reliable
Uses a US-made A/D high-performance, high-stability pyroelectric infrared detector
All gas path systems use Italian CAMOZZI gas tubes and connectors
Comprehensive database retrieval, remote diagnosis, remote network query of analysis results, and multi-point result transmission
The analysis and testing software uses a Windows platform with USB data exchange and an intelligent mode composed of a host computer (PC) and a slave computer (single-chip microcomputer) for real-time, multi-task operations
Equipped with a halogen trap [Patent No.: ZL 2019 2 2422895.9] to prevent corrosion of the equipment by halogen elements
The instrument has an intelligent constant temperature patent technology for the infrared analyzer [Patent No.: ZL 2018 2 0886780.8], with a digital display for adjustable temperature, automatic compensation, effectively reducing the influence of ambient temperature on test results, and providing high reproducibility
| Element | Measured Value /% (LiFePO₄ sample) | Average Value /% | SD/% | RSD/% |
| Carbon | 2.5197 | 2.52022 | 0.0033 | 0.13 |
| 2.5223 | ||||
| 2.5162 | ||||
| 2.5246 | ||||
| 2.5183 | ||||
| Sulfur | 0.0225 | 0.02214 | 0.00044 | 1.98 |
| 0.0227 | ||||
| 0.022 | ||||
| 0.0217 | ||||
| 0.0218 | ||||
| Element | Measured Value /% (Li(NiCoMn)O₂ sample) | Average Value /% | SD/% | RSD/% |
| Carbon | 0.1356 | 0.13502 | 0.00048 | 0.36 |
| 0.1346 | ||||
| 0.135 | ||||
| 0.1345 | ||||
| 0.1354 | ||||
| Sulfur | 0.198 | 0.20026 | 0.00465 | 2.32 |
| 0.205 | ||||
| 0.2051 | ||||
| 0.1945 | ||||
| 0.1987 |